Kevin Mitnick Research Paper

Kevin Mitnick Research Paper Free Online Research Papers I can envision the features of the day in 1983 they may have perused: USC understudy captured for hacking the Pentagon. As a youthful undergrad Kevin Mitnick hacked into one of the nation’s most cryptic structures, the Pentagon. As per Aguila (2008), Mitnick accessed ARPANet, the precursor of the Internet, which was then saved for the Army, enormous enterprises and colleges. Mitnick began his PC misuses as a young person. Indeed, even as a youngster he understood the forces of social designing and utilized it to access systems. How’d he do it you inquire? Mitnick would act like a representative of an organization or association that had overlooked a secret phrase to an inner system. The data would be given to him via telephone, consequently giving him an in to the company’s arrange. Mitnick immediately discovered that individuals who approached innovation were the most fragile connection in any organization or data framework. He used the craft of Social Engineering to control individuals with access to innovation. Mitnick controlled individuals first and afterward entered secure systems with the data he had been given. After his various adventures of different systems Mitnick ran from law authorization organizations, was gotten and has invested energy in jail for different wrongdoings. After his discharge from jail and finishing a trial per iod that restricted him from the utilization of innovation as requested by the court Mr. Mitnick began his own security organization. He is presently a changed programmer and talks at gatherings everywhere throughout the world. Mitnick is currently a security proficient. A TechBiz 2001 news report expressed that Maffia Boy, Michael Calce, a multi year old Canadian young person was liable for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) assaults on numerous huge sites, for example, Amazon, Yahoo and EBay. Once captured Mafia Boy concede and was sent to a young detainment community for eight months with one year of probation. While detained he was taboo to utilize a PC. A DDoS assault makes a PC asset inaccessible to its planned clients. DDoS assaults are regularly focused on enormous web locales and closes down the website to the expected clients, either quickly or for an inconclusive period. Mafia Boy effectively shut down Yahoo and different locales for a couple of hours. There was some disparity in the media with respect to whether the assaults really cost the organizations the a great many dollars certain news sources guaranteed. Hurray discharged an announcement later saying that none of their substance had been penetrated and they had the option to rero ute traffic. In this manner, Yahoo made light of the story that they had any financial misfortune and kept up that their substance and client information stayed safe. Both Kevin Mitnick and Michael Calce have transformed and gained from their encounters. Both are currently engaged with PC security. Both work to instruct organizations and clients how to forestall abuses (like the ones they each did) on systems and additionally frameworks. It is of foremost significance to gain from people like Mitnick and Calce. These men of their word discovered approaches to abuse delicate frameworks that security work force never considered. Calce utilized the web to acquire access to malignant code that would harm destinations: Mitnick controlled individuals through Social Engineering. Social Engineering can be phenomenally tricky and valuable. Since security is the activity of every individual you ought to be cautious of individuals you don't know examining you concerning your activity. Particularly questions relating to organize or potentially PC resources. Customarily these people will praise you to get the show on the road. Another well known approach to pi ck up data by means of Social Engineering is to offer bogus expressions purposely. In the event that you take a shot at an army installation somebody may recommend to you I heard that airplane can just convey one kind of weapon so it isn't unreasonably valuable. You (being tested) at that point want to put any misinformation to rest. In this manner giving out data you ought not have unveiled. PC security experts need to gain from the endeavors that have occurred and study the manners in which the programmers increased unapproved get to. Along these lines the security expert can be prepared to battle these or comparable style assaults in reality. The Chief Technology Officer (CTO) at White Hat Security said he despite everything utilizes Calces Yahoo assault as a perspective when he needs to discuss what sort of transfer speed it takes to thump a site disconnected. (McMillan, 2008) References Aguila, Nicolas (2008, March 14). Fifteen biggest hacking abuses. Recovered February 23, 2009, from Tomshardware Web website: tomshardware.com/audits/fifteen-biggest hacking-exploits,1790-6.html Unknown (2001, September 13). Mafiaboy condemned to 8 months . Recovered February 23, 2009, from www.wired.com Site: wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2001/09/46791 McMillan, Robert (2008, October 16). A programmer looks for reclamation. Recovered February 23, 2009, from www.mis-asia.com Web website: mis-asia.com/news/articles/a-programmer looks for reclamation Examination Papers on Kevin Mitnick Research PaperThe Project Managment Office SystemNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalTwilight of the UAWOpen Architechture a white paperGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseStandardized TestingHip-Hop is Art

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS-SEEN EXAM Coursework

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS-SEEN EXAM - Coursework Example 2. By utilizing or consolidating a few time arrangement of cross area perceptions, board information give â€Å"more instructive information, greater inconstancy, less collinearity among factors, more degrees of opportunity and efficiency† according to Baltagi’s conversation (1995, p. 3-6). 3. Board information can concentrate better the elements of progress in light of the fact that the board information strategy can cover rehashed cross area of perception across time. Along these lines, board information is accepted to more proper than both of the two techniques (cross segment and time arrangement examination) in the investigation of circumstances like progressive floods of the lowest pay permitted by law increments across regions and nearby least wages and after some time 4. Board information can distinguish and gauge impacts better than what simply time arrangement and cross-segment information can do. 5. Board information can consider entangled conduct models like economies of scale and specialized change - better than what unadulterated time arrangement and unadulterated cross-segment examination can do. For instance, board information can contemplate the cooperation of the factors required after some time, which is impossible by unadulterated time arrangement information. 6. By covering more units after some time, board information can limit the inclinations that may result as information are collected. In 1995, Baltagi called attention to that time arrangement and cross-segment reads were not controlling for heterogeneity and risked getting one-sided results (p. 3). For instance, Baltagi (1995, p. 3) refered to for instance that utilization of cigarettes is regularly displayed as an element of slacked utilization, cost, and pay however the particular of a similar capacity can differ across nations, state, and time. Baltagi 1995, p. 4) included that board information can control for area explicit and time invariant factors while a period ar rangement study or a cross-segment study can't around then. As board information can cover heterogeneity, Baltagi (1995, p. 4), not representing nation heterogeneity can cause genuine determination mistake. Moreover, Baltagi (1995, p. 4) said that board information can contemplate the elements of change. In the interim, Verbeek (2008, p. 655) said that the principle favorable position of board information over either time arrangement or cross-area investigation is that through board information, financial specialists can indicate more convoluted and sensible models than a solitary time arrangement or cross-segment information can do. (b) Explain the instinct behind the fixed impact model (FEM) and depict the least square sham variable (LSDV) and the time belittled ways to deal with evaluating a FEM. [30 Marks] Verbeek (2008, p. 359) characterized the fixed impacts model as basically a relapse model in which the block terms change over the individual units. Gujarati (2004, p. 642) br ought up that the fundamental instinct behind the fixed impact model or FEM is that despite the fact that the capture may vary across singular components, every particular block doesn't change after some time or is time invariant. The techniques for assessing the fixed impacts model (FEM) are the least square sham variable (LSDV) and the time disparaged approaches towards evaluating the FEM. In the LSDV technique, the fundamental instruments for catching the fixed impacts are sham factors. The time disparaged variable way to deal with FEM displaying, remake the essential model yit = ? + ?xit + uit as flights of a variable from its mean after some time or yit - I ?(xit - I ) + ( uit - )I) where the qualities with bars signify the time mean of the said variable (Brooks

Random Admission Thoughts February 2012 Edition - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Random Admission Thoughts February 2012 Edition - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Random Admission Thoughts February 2012 Edition First, I will be out of the office for the next five days, so please hold off on any questions, or if you do submit them, be patient, as I will not be able to review any emails/blog comments until late next week. Second, February in Admissions means that our office is working on a number of different projects. Here is a brief list: Finishing up of the initial academic review of the last freshman applicants Reading freshman files, and reading more freshman files, and more, and more Beginning the review of Summer Transfer applicants (which will be followed by Fall Transfer applicant review) Cleaning up/Reviewing any late arriving transcripts for current UGA students with work from other colleges Reviewing International documents for International Freshman Reviewing Residency documents and Green cards for residency review Attending a limited number of college fairs, financial aid workshops, etc. Continue to speak to prospective families and students during our Admissions Information Sessions (8 per week during read season) Putting out any fires (literal or figurative) that come up In addition, here are a few thoughts about Admissions: Everyone, please remember to breathe, be patient, and smile! This is a busy (exhausting) time in admissions, so please be patient while we get through the next few steps in both the freshman and transfer admission process. We will be sending out a phone blast to any freshman applicants who are still missing any materials, so make sure you check your myStatus page concerning your file. You are ultimately responsible for getting UGA (and other colleges) your admission materials, so do not ignore the emails or phone calls we send out. We will be accepting the January 28 SAT scores, so if these test scores are all that is missing, we are fine with this, but they will not get to us until mid-late February. Check your myStatus a few business days after you receive them to make sure we have them in your file. If the document was sent before and is not in, make sure your name is correct on the document (full name, not nickname), and that it was sent. Secondly, if a document is missing, have it sent again ASAP (but not by fax!). Transfer applicants, please be patient.The transfer review process is not a quick process, so please give us time to review the files. For rough estimates on timelines, see my timeline page. Also know that if you applied for Fall term as a transfer, it does not start until August (six months away), so there is plenty of time prior to you attending UGA. Everyone wants to know earlier, but it is just not possible. Transfer applicants, please make sure you have transcripts in from all colleges ever attended, and that the most up to date work (if you attended a college in Fall 2011, we need that term) is in. If you did not list a previous college on your application, we cannot list on on the myStatus page until we learn about it, so it is up to you to get things in. If your documents are under a different name (your school lists your name as Trey instead of William, or it is under your maiden name, etc.), please email admproc@uga.edu with this information. Whenever you send an email, make sure to put your full name and birthdate in the email. If you want to know when you will hear a decision, look at the timelines page. Do not call or email our office asking this question, as we cannot guess as to an exact date, and the timeline page is the best resource. Transfers, the Transfer Equivalency Page is your best resource for how courses come into UGA. If the class is not in there, it means we have not seen it before, and you need to then wait until we review your application and transcript to see how it does come into UGA. Go Dawgs!

Random Admission Thoughts February 2012 Edition - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Random Admission Thoughts February 2012 Edition - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Random Admission Thoughts February 2012 Edition First, I will be out of the office for the next five days, so please hold off on any questions, or if you do submit them, be patient, as I will not be able to review any emails/blog comments until late next week. Second, February in Admissions means that our office is working on a number of different projects. Here is a brief list: Finishing up of the initial academic review of the last freshman applicants Reading freshman files, and reading more freshman files, and more, and more Beginning the review of Summer Transfer applicants (which will be followed by Fall Transfer applicant review) Cleaning up/Reviewing any late arriving transcripts for current UGA students with work from other colleges Reviewing International documents for International Freshman Reviewing Residency documents and Green cards for residency review Attending a limited number of college fairs, financial aid workshops, etc. Continue to speak to prospective families and students during our Admissions Information Sessions (8 per week during read season) Putting out any fires (literal or figurative) that come up In addition, here are a few thoughts about Admissions: Everyone, please remember to breathe, be patient, and smile! This is a busy (exhausting) time in admissions, so please be patient while we get through the next few steps in both the freshman and transfer admission process. We will be sending out a phone blast to any freshman applicants who are still missing any materials, so make sure you check your myStatus page concerning your file. You are ultimately responsible for getting UGA (and other colleges) your admission materials, so do not ignore the emails or phone calls we send out. We will be accepting the January 28 SAT scores, so if these test scores are all that is missing, we are fine with this, but they will not get to us until mid-late February. Check your myStatus a few business days after you receive them to make sure we have them in your file. If the document was sent before and is not in, make sure your name is correct on the document (full name, not nickname), and that it was sent. Secondly, if a document is missing, have it sent again ASAP (but not by fax!). Transfer applicants, please be patient.The transfer review process is not a quick process, so please give us time to review the files. For rough estimates on timelines, see my timeline page. Also know that if you applied for Fall term as a transfer, it does not start until August (six months away), so there is plenty of time prior to you attending UGA. Everyone wants to know earlier, but it is just not possible. Transfer applicants, please make sure you have transcripts in from all colleges ever attended, and that the most up to date work (if you attended a college in Fall 2011, we need that term) is in. If you did not list a previous college on your application, we cannot list on on the myStatus page until we learn about it, so it is up to you to get things in. If your documents are under a different name (your school lists your name as Trey instead of William, or it is under your maiden name, etc.), please email admproc@uga.edu with this information. Whenever you send an email, make sure to put your full name and birthdate in the email. If you want to know when you will hear a decision, look at the timelines page. Do not call or email our office asking this question, as we cannot guess as to an exact date, and the timeline page is the best resource. Transfers, the Transfer Equivalency Page is your best resource for how courses come into UGA. If the class is not in there, it means we have not seen it before, and you need to then wait until we review your application and transcript to see how it does come into UGA. Go Dawgs!

Henry James’ the Turn of the Screw Essay - 861 Words

Henry James’ The Turn of the Screw is written with one clear and true ending where Miles dies and the readers are left to guess the rest for themselves. Or is it? Right from the prologue, a reader may assume that Miles and Douglas are indeed the same person, but when the reader sees, â€Å"and his little heart, dispossessed, had stopped.† P.403 one dismisses that theory as lost, but it isn’t. Perhaps one ignore the idea because of many unclear allusions to discrepancies. James’ use of deliberate vagueness was intended to create a second plausible ending. One may ask, how is it possible that Douglas and Miles are the same person if Miles died? James described that Miles’ heart had stopped. But there are two ways to interpret this, that Miles†¦show more content†¦304), and the governess the age of twenty, â€Å"the youngest of several daughters of a poor country parson, had, at the age of twenty, on taking service for the first time in the s choolroom, come up to London.†(P. 295) And its already apparent that they were ten years apart. There are many details about both Miles and Douglas, and all it takes is a bit of incentive to connect the two. Douglas clearly cares about the governess, and maintains personal connection to the story even though it’s been sitting in a drawer for twenty years. Douglas feels attached to the story because he lived the story so many years ago.(as Miles) â€Å"Nobody but me, till now, has ever heard. Its quite too horrible.†(p. 292) This shows that the manuscript isn’t just a good ghost story for him to tell people because he’s never shared it before. He also finds that Douglas’s audience is more perceptive than he appears ready. They make inferences about he and his love, and Douglas reveals bits and pieces about her. â€Å"I liked her extremely and am glad to this day to think she liked me, too. If she hadnt she wouldnt have told me.(p. 293) In th e story, she mentions several times that Miles was the most beautiful boy that she had ever laid eyes on, and over infatuation with the boy like that would easily lead Miles to believe he was the object of her utmost affection. To add to the fact that the woman he was in love with was the governess was when one of the guests mentions thatShow MoreRelatedThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1479 Words   |  6 PagesI. Henry James’s â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† a young Governess is hired by a wealthy man who is the uncle to two children that live in Bly, the estate and setting in which the story takes place. In the ghastly tale by James, the Governess begins to notice things that are out of place. The old manor is home to a host of souls that have perished previous to her arrival, which leaves the governess on edge as she becomes more and more aware of the odd happenings in Bly. The story focuses on the hauntingRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1379 Words   |  6 Pages A Screw Loose During the course of the novella, â€Å"The Turn of the Screw†, by Henry James, the governess continuously encounters ghosts that seemingly only appear to her. As the story progresses, the governess starts postulating a relationship between Miles, Flora, and the supposed corruptive ghosts. However, due to the fact that the ghosts are not seen when others are present at the time of the sightings indicate that they fail to exist. Moreover, through the evidence presented in the text, theRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James2418 Words   |  10 PagesThroughout the Turn of the Screw, by Henry James, we are introduced to four main characters; the Governess, Mrs. Grose, Miles, and Flora. Other minor characters in the book are Miss Jessel, Peter Quint, and the children’s Uncle. I think Henry James portrays each of these characters in a certain mysterious and ambiguous way, and this is what helps catch the reader’s attention. Some people believe that Henry James wants the reader to infer that the entire story was just a hallucination that the GovernessRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1029 Words   |  5 PagesMichael Walker Mr. Murray Intro to Fiction March 25, 2015 Turn of the Screw There are numerous approaches to view The Turn of the Screw, by Henry James. From being in class talking about the book I seen that there was distinctive comprehension of the book. The Turn of the Screw is a typical representation of the contention in the middle of great and fiendishness. I will translate the phantoms of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel as insidious powers. I perceive that the phantom just seem to the tutorRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James993 Words   |  4 Pagesthat are not even there. This causes one to doubt the very nature of things and can even explain why it is that things such as ‘second thoughts’ or ‘fear’ crosses the mind. Henry James, the author of The Turn of the Screw, uses these â€Å"defects of the mind† to destroy the barrier between reality and fiction. The Turn of the Screw exists in a reality that is retold more than once and in many instances, it depicts the twisted perception of a protagonist with an overa ctive imagination and even goes asRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1219 Words   |  5 PagesThe Turn of the Screw by Henry James (2010) is designed to have many interpretations in terms of its characters, chain of events and its narration. Many people believe the main idea of this narrative is whether it is apparitionist or non-apparitionist. They question the Governess’s ability to see ghosts. However, this paper will demonstrate that this narrative is in essence a love story regardless of supernatural events. Through the analysis of the frame, it is easy to accept that the Turn of theRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1077 Words   |  5 Pagesthat has power over them. Henry James wrote â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† during the Victorian Era; the Victorians which was known as the age of children. The idea of innocence was place on a child at an early age. Books that were publish in the Era of Victorian that focus on youth of a child. Children are supposed to enjoy life and being joy into it. They were the pictures of innocence but Miles and Flora had painted themselves differently. In Henry James’ â€Å"The Turn of the Screw†, the young children areRead MoreTurn Of The Screw By Henry James1012 Words   |  5 PagesTurn of the Screw by Henry James is a psychological case study of the narrator, the Governess, who is emotionally unstable with phantasms of the living which are merely illusions of her psychotic mind. The governess’s illusive mind leads to her obsession with becoming the heroine of Miles and Flora who she suspects are on the verge of corruption due to the supernatural activity of Miss Jessel and Peter Quint. However, her excessive obsession to become the heroine only leads to a major downfall becauseRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1992 Words   |  8 PagesHenry James called his short story, â€Å"The Turn of the Screw,† a â€Å"fairytale†. He also said that the story wasn’t supposed to mean nothing more than a little ghost story. It doesn’t matter what he originally intended, James’ â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† is a main topic of debates when it comes to literacy. They all have that one question: Are the ghosts real or is it just the governess’ imagination of twisted apparitions and illusions. There are critics who have come up with their own arguments with a lotRead MoreEssay on The Turn of the Screw by Henry James1925 Words   |  8 PagesHow far does The Turn of the Screw conform to the conventions of the Victorian ghost story genre? What alternative interpretations does it lend itself to? ‘The Turn of the Screw’ was written by Henry James in the nineteenth century, when the belief that living people were in contact with the dead was prevalent. In the Victorian era the advance of science was undermining religious beliefs, because evolutionists were saying that the world had not been created in 4004BC, as the bible suggests

Chemistry Study Tips

Studying chemistry can be stressful and feel overwhelming. There is no magic formula for learning chemistry, but you can develop an effective strategy for success. Whether youre in middle school, high school or college, these simple steps will get you on the right track. Basically it involves not getting behind, doing your own work, and not psyching yourself out: Dont procrastinate!Cramming does not equal learning. If you wait until the night before a test to start studying you will suffer, your grades will suffer, etc. Chemistry problems take time to work. Chemistry concepts take time to master.Dont ProcrastinateIts worth repeating! In chemistry you build from one concept onto the next. You need a solid knowledge base to progress.Try Flash CardsHey, they are used in elementary and primary school because FLASHCARDS WORK. Some of the information gets learned while making the cards and the rest can be learned during practice. You get to switch around the order in which you view topics, which is something most notebooks dont provide. Get some index cards and give it a try!Try a HighlighterUse it judiciously. The goal is not to turn your book or notes fluorescent. Most texts already have important concepts in bold typeface. Unless your teacher is very unusual, he or she will almost always mention likely test questions, answers, and concepts. High light them! Some teachers take questions from a test bank, but those who write their own are usually keeping a mental tally of concepts while teaching.Use MnemonicsWhat you are doing here is taking the first letters of words in a sequence you are trying to memorize and making a phrase from them to serve as a memory aid. Example: the sequence of the first few elements in the periodic table H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne could be (well, the one that came to my mind was actually dirty, which is easier to remember) Hi Henry, Lookin Big, Bad, Certainly Nasty, Old Friend - Not! Ok, it isnt great literature. One popular mnemonic device is for metric prefixes: Kilo- Hecto- Deca- Meter (liter, gram) deci- centi- milli- Kangaroos Hopping Down Mountains Drinking Chocolate Milk. Also, such phrases are even easier to memorize if you put them to music.  Work the ProblemsYou work through the example problem in the book or in class just fine. Great! That doesnt mean you understand how to apply the formulas when the conditions or wording changes. Its vital to work problems. I know it seems like a good idea to divide problem sets with classmates or to put down answers from the back of the book when youre short on time, but you truly need to work those problems to practice the skills you need for tests and beyond.Know Your TextDo you have a glossary? Answers to problems in the back? Self-quizzes? Appendices full of useful information? Find that out sooner rather than later. Learn your way around your text. Use the glossary. You cant communicate about a subject without learning the terminology.

Prevention Of Sexually Transmitted Diseases And Sex...

Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sex Education among the Teenagers Health Promotion Health is a significant characteristic of human right that individuals require to handle with caution. Exactly how healthy individuals are trained and know the effect of behaviors, which can jeopardies, the health of an individual, create less pressure and easy work for their caregiver to deal with and aids in the health promotion. Current studies illustrate the individual’s well-being is significantly affected by the parents, families and friends practices. For example, a juvenile can be exposed or engaging in sex at the early stage of life, through his/her parents, friends, or colleagues without knowing the consequence of the health†¦show more content†¦Primary Prevention Primary prevention is the initial and the first level of health care, which is aimed and designed to inhibit or prevent the incidence of illness and to promote health. HealthyPeople2020 goals and objectives emphasized on the primary prevention in order to promote individual healthy living, healthy communities and healthy nation. Primary prevention prevents individuals from diseases by involving the caregivers to go into diverse populaces to teach and educate people, families and communities in different ways that can aids how to live a hale and hearty life. Health personnel generally educate individuals about protective measure that can be adopted in order to prevent them from developing any disease condition and to live a healthy life to their full prospect. An individual that is free of any illness and living a healthy life, not only help him/herself, but contributing to the growth and development of that community or the nation. Epidemiological Rationale Sexually transmitted disease (STD) is a term used to refer to more than 20 diverse of infections that are transmitted through interchange of semen, blood, and other body fluids; or through direct contact with the infected body areas of an individual with STDs. STDs are also known as venereal diseases (Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 2008). STDs are

La Malinche free essay sample

A paper which discusses the Mexican women who became lovers to the Spaniards during Spains conquest of Mexico, and how they are portrayed in Mexicos cultural history. Using as a background Bernal Diaz del Castillos book Historia de Conquista de la Nueva Espaa, written about the Spanish conquest of Mexico in the sixteenth century, the paper discusses the Indian women who were lovers to these Spaniards, the most famous being La Malinche, lover to Hernan Cortes himself. The paper uses the character of Maria lover of one of Cortes officers to show the history of these women and what drove them to so-call betray their people by sleeping with the enemy. The paper shows how La Malinche (and others) have been portrayed in Mexican cultural history as mothers of the mestizo children of mixed Spanish and Indian race. The paper discusses too how public opinion of La Malinche has changed during recent years, mostly due to the influence of feminist movements, who see her as a symbol of the endurance of the Mexican people. We will write a custom essay sample on La Malinche or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But there is another element to the original and long-enduring disregard and even hatred that has been cast upon La Malinche, and the other women who (like the Maria of our story) shared similar structural positions. Women who produced Mexican mestizo children have been hated by many Mexicans until the most recent generation not because of their betrayal of the Aztecs but because of their engendering of the entire race of Mexicans. It is because Mexicans have for so long hated themselves, hated their own mixed heritage, that they hate La Malinche and other women like her. It is only when Mexicans come to peace with their own mestizo heritage that they can possibly come to terms with La Malinche and revere her as the founder of the race. It seems fairly certain that she was indeed Cortess lover but also that she was faithful to him. This should hardly brand her as a whore.

Critique Of Good Will Hunting Essays - Cinematic Techniques

Critique Of Good Will Hunting A studious young man, an open book these two images swirl around the screen in a kaleidoscope effect, this was the introductory scene of Good Will Hunting. This scene is followed by Ben Afflick, knocking on Will's door, when Will comes out a credit rolls by that says, screenplay written by Ben Afflick and Matt Damon, just as the two walk side by side. This shows how perfectly the makers of this movie have everything timed, down to the credits. Also, the timing shows when the professor's assistant and Will are alone and the assistant tells Will how lucky he is to have someone believe in him as the professor does. Just as he finishes saying this the professor walks in and suddenly the assistant has something better to do than just sit there so he gets up and leaves. The cinematography in this movie is good, as right of way the viewer of this movie knows Will lives in one of the poorer sections of Boston, as his front yard is cluttered with junk and the look of the neighborhood surrounding his house is anything but colorful. The neighborhood looks gray and drab. Also, one of the many settings is a local bar which has the look of a neighborhood bar with Christmas type lights strung and normal looking people filling the place. Another setting is a Harvard classroom and a community college classroom. In the Harvard classroom the students appear to be attentive, clean cut, well dressed, and enthusiastic, while the students in the community classroom are barely awake, dressed grubby, and aren't grasping what the professor is saying. The camera angles in this movie are as effective as the set appearance. When Will is trying to solve a formula he writes his work on his mirror with a dry erase marker. The camera blurs out will and focuses on the formula and also does the opposite. While writing the formula out, the shots fade to the same shot but at a different angle creating a feeling that some time is passing by. Also, to support this feeling each time the formula is showed there is more added to it than one can write in the brief moment that it took to come back to it with the camera. Additionally, the benefit of having the scene of him writing on the mirror lets the viewer see him concentrating on the formula and lets the viewer see the formula being written out which shows the viewer how intelligent Will must be, since the formula probably made little sense to him or her. Another effect was a fight scene captured in slow motion. After the fight scene the cops showed up and many flashes of the scene from different camera angles appeared creating a feeling of confusion and made it seem speeded up without it being filmed in fast motion. During this movie many close ups were filmed where the eyes were the only bit of color on the screen. When Will starts talking to prove a point, which is several times through out the movie, the camera zooms in on him concentrating on his eyes. However, while Will and his friends were in the car the camera looks at each one individually from a distance while mellow music is playing while it is getting deeper into the evening. This creates a feeling of a long day coming to an end with Will and his friends being exhausted. Robin Williams tells Will a story about a World Series game and as he tells it Will gets very into it and adds his recollection of the game. They start talking fast the more in depth they get into the game. As they recall the game, parts of the game flash on the screen as they seem to be commentating it at this point. One scene is of Will looking at a painting in Robin Williams's office. It's of a rowboat in the sea during a storm. The painting is mostly gray due to it being primarily of the storm but even that has several streaks of color in it. In the center of the painting is a small boat being rowed by a man with

How Weather Affects Fall Colors

How Weather Affects Fall Colors Nothing says autumn quite like a lazy drive through the countryside with the sun illuminating oranges, reds, and yellows in the treetops. But before planning a day of leaf-peeping, its a good idea to check local and regional weather forecasts- and not simply for travel weather purposes. Weather conditions such as temperature, precipitation, and amount of sunlight, actually determine how vibrant (or not) fall colors will be. Leaf Pigment Leaves have a functional purpose for trees: They produce energy for the entire plant. Their broad shape makes them good for capturing sunlight. Once absorbed, the sunlight interacts with carbon dioxide and water within the leaf to produce sugars and oxygen in a process known as photosynthesis. The plant molecule responsible for this process is called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is responsible for giving a leaf its trademark green color. But chlorophyll isnt the only pigment residing within leaves. Yellow and orange pigments (xanthophylls and carotenoids) are also present; these remain hidden for most of the year because chlorophyll masks them. Chlorophyll is continually depleted by sunlight and is replenished by the leaf through the growing season. Only when chlorophyll levels subside do the other pigments  become visible. Why Leaves Change Color While a number of factors (including weather) influence the brilliance of leaf color, only one event is responsible for  triggering  the decline of chlorophyll:  the shorter daylight and longer overnight hours associated with the change in season from summer to fall. Plants depend on light for energy, but the amount they get changes through the seasons. Beginning on the summer solstice, Earths daylight hours gradually decrease and its nighttime hours gradually increase. This trend continues until the shortest day and longest night is reached on December 21 or 22 each year (the winter solstice). As the nights progressively lengthen and cool, a trees cells begin the process of sealing off its leaves in preparation for winter. During winter, temperatures are too cold, sunlight too dim, and water too scarce and susceptible to freezing to support growth. A corky barrier is formed between each branch and each leaf stem. This cellular membrane blocks the flow of nutrients into the leaf, which also stops the leaf from making new chlorophyll. Chlorophyll production slows and eventually stops. The old chlorophyll begins to decompose, and when its all gone, the leafs green color lifts. In the absence of chlorophyll, the leafs yellow and orange hues dominate. As sugars become trapped inside the leaf by the trees sealant, red and purple (anthocyanins) pigments are also created. Whether by decomposition or by freezing, all of these pigments eventually break down. After this happens, only browns (tannins) are left. Effects of Weather According to the U.S.  National Arboretum, heres how the following weather conditions at each stage of the leaf growing season work to the benefit or detriment of  foliage come September, October, and November: During spring, a wet growing season is ideal.  Drought conditions during the spring (the beginning of the leaf growing season)  can cause the sealing barrier between leaf stem and tree branch to form earlier than normal. This, in turn, can lead to an early shutdown of leaves: Theyll drop before theyve had a chance to develop fall coloration.From summer into early autumn, sunny days and cool nights are desirable.  While adequate moisture is good during the early growing season, it works to mute colors in the early fall. Cool temperatures and abundant sunshine cause chlorophyll to be destroyed more rapidly (recall that chlorophyll breaks down with exposure to light), thus allowing yellows and oranges to be revealed sooner, and also promoting the formation of more anthocyanins.  While cool is best, too cold is detrimental. Freezing temperatures and frosts can kill thin and fragile leaves.During autumn, calm days prolong viewing opportunities.  Once the autumn season arrives, l eaves need time for the buildup of chlorophyll to entirely fade and their dormant pigments to fully take over. Gusty winds and hard rains can cause leaves to fall before their full color potential is reached. The conditions that make for spectacular autumn color displays are a moist growing season followed by a dry autumn with warm, sunny days and cool (but not freezing) nights.

Desktop Publishing (DTP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Desktop Publishing (DTP) - Essay Example In practical use, much of the ‘graphic design’ process is also accomplished using desktop publishing and graphics software and is sometimes included in the definition of desktop publishing.† (Bear 2008) For the task of designing a newsletter to welcome students to the university, my foremost objective was to grab the attention of a new student who can be one of thousands on campus. Firstly, I have chosen a nameplate which clearly identifies the university and lends credibility to the publication and appended to it the â€Å"Welcome New Students† banner which also clearly identifies the publication as meant for new students. Red is the colour of choice for this banner deliberately so that it stands out from the rest of the page which are of more muted colours. In designing the nameplate, the right title must be chosen with important words isolated, the right type font used and size and position are carefully selected. (Gibbs 2002) The headline article affirms the new student’s decision of enrolling at the university and article content is the proud and warm welcome of the vice-chancellor. Although the article title is very noticeable, it is not expected that the reader will immediately proceed to read the lengthy article. Deliberately, a collage of interesting university photos have been used as visual for the article. Next, the resources at the university which should be quite important to new students is the next item in the eye path, so a stack of these facilities are immediately below the photos. The right hand column ends with the contact box which is another piece of important information for new students. The Choices at NTU list is designed as teaser items with graphic icons that depict what the resource is all about. Aside from drawing attention to each item on the list, the icon along with the type font used creates a visual element. â€Å"Nothing turns off a reader more

STR Markers for Human Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

STR Markers for Human Identification - Essay Example As all living things contain DNA, and all DNA exhibits variability both among and within species, any biological material associated with a legal case carries in it information about its source (Mark A. Jobling e'tal).The major advantage of DNA based technique is requirement of very small amount of sample like drop of body fluid, cigarette butts , or hair is enough to determined the identity of criminal or person related to crime. There is almost century old history of forensic genetics started with human ABO blood group polymorphisms. It was used for quite long time but having few drawbacks it was not used quite frequently in present investigations. The major back trough occurred in 1984 when Alec Jeffreys identified the hyper variable loci known as MINISATELLITE. The banding pattern obtained from this micro satellite known as DNA fingerprinting and was widely used since it discovery. The only drawback of this system is complicated data and difficulty to interpret. Than Development of 'single-locus probes' (SLPs) here it revealed only a single, highly polymorphic, restriction fragment length polymorphism. And hence simplifying interpretation. In Typical SLP based investigation four SLPs were used successively to probe a Southern blot, yielding eight hyper variable fragments per individual.( Mark A. Jobling e'tal). ... Being sensitive, high discriminating power and reliable in case of mix sample qualifies STR as perfect forensic tool. Fig 1 shows chronologic evolution of forensic genetics (Nat Rev Genet. 2004 Oct; 5 (10):739-51.) STR (Short tandem repeat): STR, short tandem repeat are short sequences of DNA normally of length 2-5 base pairs. and one can fine numerous time repetition of these sequences. There are almost 10,000 published STR sequence available in different literature. most widely used STRs are tetra or penta tendon repeat as there are certain advantage of smaller repeat over larger one, like it can withstand DNA degradation and avoids preferential amplification during PCR. Similarly short repeat is getting attention in terms of genetic diseases like tri-nucleotide repeat associated Huntington disease. STR markers are mainly classified under two category 1) Autosomal STR and 2) Y-chromosomal STR. 1) Autosomal STR:Initially there were four simple STR were used but there were high probability of similar matching hence later on it raise two more Complex STR along with PCR assay targeted at the XY-homologous amelogenin genes. As Forensic experts realized the capability of STR based identification system more attention was provided toward development of standard technique. In this line four more loci were added in to the over all process and name as SGM plus. Based on this development effort were made to set up STR database to mention record of individual having crime history. There are some differences between the overall techniques employed for STR typing in different countries and legal systems. For example in USA FDI CODI Shaving 16

Agriculture In Ancient Mesopotamia

Agriculture In Ancient Mesopotamia Have you ever wondered once where and when agriculture was first practiced in this world and the methods used to develop it? First of all, agriculture, a bit similar to farming, is the occupation, the business, or the science of cultivating land, producing crops, raising livestock. The birth of agriculture was preceded by hunting and gathering which was the only way of surviving for the ancient occupants of the world. Civilization started in the Middle East of the blue planet and many discoveries have been made including agriculture which is one of the most important. Indeed agricultural activities in the Mesopotamian kingdom are dated back between 8000 BC and 6000 BC. The Ancient Mesopotamia was located in the Middle East, precisely on the Asian continent. The situation of the empire was also part of the agricultural development. It consisted of two principal seas such as the Euphrates and the Tigris and was surrounded by many vast seas where they could draw water for additional sup ply. Despite the arid climate and scarcity of rains in Mesopotamia, they made use of irrigation as principal method to water their crops. However, the invention of agriculture came with its consequences which appeared both good and bad for the Mesopotamian kingdom. Although agriculture was a great discovery for the Ancient kingdom, helped by its location and methods, its impacts appeared to be both positive and negative. It is clear that before the advent of agriculture, hunting and gathering was the surviving method. People were going inside bush to hunt wild animals for their meat and skin and were collecting natural consumable plants or grains. In fact agriculture intervened just between the years 8000 BC and 6000 BC with the domestication of animals such as goats and crops growing in the Ancient Mesopotamia. According to Robert Chadwick, the author of First Civilizations: Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, three mains assumptions could be the reasons of the advent of agriculture and each of them having one major reason. He said: The three hypotheses presented all maintain that there was one major cause behind the origins of agriculture. In the case of the oasis hypothesis it was a great climatic change; foe the nuclear zone hypothesis it was a certain set of conditions that created a special ecological region where agriculture could occur; for the population pressure hypothesis it was the increase in human population (Chadwick, 27). This is to say that the real factors which started agriculture are not really determined despite the fact that researches are being made about the whole issue. As we said above, agricultural activity was actually apparent in the beginning of the years 6000 BC. The early settlement of the cultivating activity was achieved through many steps such as the Hassuna, the Samarra and the Halaf according to the Encyclopedia AMERICANA (p. 737). These establishments took place from the North to the South of the worlds first civilization. More importantly, there was a great variation of crops that the Mesopotamian society were domesticating or cultivating in their time. In the New Encyclopedia Britannica it is said that:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and the wild prototypes of grains and leguminous plants, such as wheat, barley, bitter vetch, pea, and lentil were present. This explains that there was diversity in their food production which was a good step in the development of agriculture of the Ancient Kingd om. In addition to that, Louis and Jenifer of the website best.berkley.edu who posted an article titled Farming and agriculture of Egypt and Mesopotamia added that: Farmers raised grain, fruit, vegetables, and barn yard animals. Without any doubt we can state that the discovery of agriculture in the ancient kingdom was being useful as the products were in abundance, varied and diverse. For agriculture to develop, the land has to be in a good location with a fertile soil. In fact, the agricultural settlement of Mesopotamia occurred in many places from the North to the South. The ancient kingdom possessed a very fertile soil favoring the development of cultivations activity. Precisely, as the ancient kingdom is located in the Middle East, it appears to be the first place where agriculture began in a general way. In the plains of northern Mesopotamia, the Zagros and the Taurus foot-hills were among the first places where the cultivating activity was practiced. In the Encyclopedia AMERICANA, it is said that: Agriculture began in the Middle East, in the Zagros and Taurus foot-hills, home of wild cereals and wild goats and sheep. From there the earliest settlements were established on the plains of northern Mesopotamia (Agriculture, 737). Moreover, the three cultural phases listed in the Encyclopedia AMERICANA such as Hassuna and Halaf which took place in the northern pa rt of the empire and Samarra was more a southern settlement. Also, the people called Ubaid extended their culture from north to the south before they settle along the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia to Syria where they also practiced agriculture (Agriculture, 738). More importantly, along the coasts of the present day Iran, Anatolia, Syria, Iraq and Palestine were cited among the places where cultivations occurred and made the populations to settle around in order to have a good improvement of the new discovery (Agriculture, 864). While talking about the sites where there was evidence of farming, we should not forget to mention places like Zawi Chemi Shanidar, Shanidar itself, Karim Shahir, Qalat Jarmo, Jericho, Catalhuyuk and many others appearing to be locations where agricultural settlements occurred in the Ancient kingdom of Mesopotamia. Even though the Mesopotamian soil was fertile in a way that agriculture was very easy, there was a problem linked to the scarcity of rains. Nevertheless, they knew how to overcome the issue by the use of methods such as irrigation. In Fact, irrigation is the fact to bring additional water supply to a dry area in order to help crops growth. Certainly, the land consisted in its interior of wide rivers such as the Euphrates and the Tigris representing the most important ones from where water could be drawn to the cultivations fields and surrounded by Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Aral Sea, Arabian Sea and Caspian Sea also (Ancient Mesopotamia, Encarta). Mesopotamia was totally dependent on irrigation and its two big rivers because of the scarcity of rains and the article wrote and posted by Larry Mays on the site Water Encyclopedia says: Irrigation was extremely vital to Mesopotamia (Mays, Ancient Irrigation systems, waterencyclopedia.com). The method of water flow control was first pra cticed in the two worlds first civilizations respectively Egypt and Mesopotamia. The application of the method needed a lot of physical work, correspondingly building. Activities such as building canals, ditches, tunnels, wide gaps where the water would come and stay and the maintenance of the infrastructures were constant in the area and it took them a lot of time to realize all this. Presently, according to waterencyclopedia.com, some abandoned canals and ditches still remain in the area but not intact, the farming activity of Mesopotamia started declining overtime caused by the accumulation of salt in the soil and in 1258, Mongols took over the empire and damaged the irrigation systems. By still dealing with Mays article on Water Encyclopedia, we got to know that the soil of the empire was full of silt, a major factor of soil fertility but constituted a continuous agent causing problems in the irrigation systems. Therefore, as there was not enough rainfall, the soil was kept its fertility because irrigation method could not wash a soil until removing its minerals components favoring good food production. Nevertheless, the Mesopotamian agricultural activity knew many problems such as flooding of water coming from the melting of snows in summer from the Turkish mountains according to the web page historylink.com and an unpredictable water flood from its two principle rivers respectively the Euphrates and Tigris according to the article of Louis and Jenifer posted on best.berkley.edu. However, irrigation carried many consequences on the farming activity in Mesopotamia. Irrigation maintained the fertility of soils because it did not deepen or sink the minerals as the way rainfall usually does. Minerals inside a soil are very important and help a fast and good food production at the end of an agricultural session. The topsoil did not wash away as it does on sloping land, and minerals did not leach deep into the soil as they do under heavy rainfall. Hence, the fe rtility could be maintained indefinitely by the use of fairly simple soil-management practices (Farming in Mesopotamia) said the web site historylink.com about the impacts of irrigation. Socially, the development of irrigation was helpful to citizens in a sense that it was a physical and intellectual work helping for additional knowledge and body welfare. A fertile soil combined with irrigation result to good and fast food production as we all know. Meanwhile, agricultural settlement also had a great impact on the ancient empire social life. In fact, changes occurred in the populations life right after the discovery of agriculture. Agriculture is an activity which is practiced in a long period of time in such a way that it can neither be done in one day nor with a constant motion of the cultivators; sedentariness is needed in such activities. The educational web site called Mesopotamian.lib.uchicago.edu also demonstrated the same idea by saying: The most significant change was the shift from a nomadic life-style to settled villages. In order to care for crops and herds of animals, people needed to live in one place (First Farmers, Ancient Mesopotamia). Moreover, as by then the population settled down in one place in order to take care of their crops and animals, there was obviously an increase in inhabitants because the rate of mortality would have probably reduced, especially infant mortality caused by the constant motion of po pulations. There was also increase in food production due to the determination of the population in order to have a peaceful life without starvation. Nevertheless, the settlement of population either in cities or villages created social classes and therefore there would obviously be conflict in places where there are different levels of people. This discovery of agriculture made by the early Asians and the methods they used to develop it helped them in varying food. As soon as they noticed it was working they cultivated many different types of crops such as vegetables, talk less of fruits. They knew how to domesticate animals and also even though agriculture became the principal activity, hunting still survived. Jenifer and Louis also talked about it and said: Some of the fruits they planted were dates, grapes, figs, melons, and apples. Their favorite vegetables that they grew were the eggplant. They planted vegetables such as onions, radishes, beans, and lettuce. Farmers irrigated land and started planting wheat, barley, millet, beans, and sesame seeds. They used spears to hunt, caught fish in nets, and killed birds with sling shots and arrows (Farming and Agriculture in Egypt and Mesopotamia). Ultimately, we can say that the discovery of agriculture proves once more that the Ancient Mesopotamia is one the worlds first civilizations. Agriculture was a great and genius invention made by the ancient people though it was not easy to practice it because of the scarcity of the rainfall, but irrigation was used as support for water supply. The use of irrigation made at the same good and harm to agricultural activity in Mesopotamia in a sense that there was fast and good food production, but the activity was becoming more and more complex because of salt accumulation due to irrigation. However, cultivation also had its own consequences both positive and negative. Population settlement has always had both positive and negative impacts on social life such as the coming together of population when it comes to work and class struggle between different people and that was the case with Mesopotamia before their decline.

Ray Kroc :: essays research papers

Ray Kroc PROBLEM STATEMENT : In order for McDonald's to reach its goal of "par excellence", it must use the full meaning and definition of marketing. Marketing is giving the target market what they want, when and where they want it, at a price they are willing to pay for it. REFLECTION / OPINION For McDonald's to achieve its "par excellence", they must focus on the fact that there is an ever changing market and that the wants and needs of consumers are constantly changing. Since McDonald's has been around for forty- one years, it is safe to say that they are the father of the fast food industry and that they have set an example for others to follow. When Ray Kroc bought the first McDonald's in 1955, he focused on what people wanted. With this focus came the utilization of Mr. Kroc's theory of QSC ( quality, service, and cleanliness ). QSC successfully got McDonald's off the ground, but as times changed, the company saw many more market segments and opportunities. In the 1970's and 1980's once again McDonald's lead the way in the fast food industry. The changes we saw included, for example, the fact that women were now a major part of the work force and dual income families were becoming a more common occurrence. McDonald's became a mastermind of marketing toward specific markets by pioneering ideas such as breakfast menus, healthier choices and alternatives, and "adult" foods. McDonald's has truly evolved into a world power by paying attention to the needs and wants of the changing market and adjusting to these needs. LINKING THEORY : Ray Kroc saw early on what needed to be done. He changed what was at one time a product orientation, into a marketing orientation. Back in 1955, this was still a new type of management. From the beginning, Kroc was already in the forefront of marketing. Marketing orientation focuses on the customer and what they want in a product, rather than product orientation which focuses on the product itself. McDonald's has taken every aspect of marketing orientation and utilized the philosophy to its fullest. McDonald's has focused in on the customer needs and wants, sometimes even putting the ideas into the consumer's mind before they even knew what they wanted or expected. McDonald's could deliver! They have done extensive market analysis and product development based on this analysis. They have packaged their food and priced it exactly to the market segment which they have targeted. Showing McDonald's innovations in marketing even further, is its early adaptation of societal marketing. Societal marketing takes into account the overall concerns of the target market, the environment, for example.

Coeducation in Pakistan

Coeducation is to educate both boys and girls together. in the modern world of today,coeducation is the new order of the day. most of the countries in the world have adopted this form of education. in Pakistan too, there are some schools where there is coeducation whereas, in many institutes there is sex-segregation. coeducation finds its origin in Sparta,Greece. at that time,there was no distinction between boys and girls. they studied and played together. they were given academic education along with physical training.Plato,the great philosopher theorized that coeducation was essential for the development of personality. he believed that coeducation was the only way to make boys and girls beneficial to the society. therefore,west has acknowledged and adopted the benefits of coeducation since long ago. In the subcontinent, during ancient times,coeducation was present at a few places. but,gradually girls education begin to be ignored. the educational system of that time was quite dif ferent from that of today. boys were sent to gurukuls where they spent most of their educational period.They were imparted physical and academic education. the former included warfare training while,the latter comprised of study of scriptures. in medieval india, women and people belonging to lower caste were forbidden from reading the scriptures. However,raja ramohan roy,the great social reformer revolted against this practice. his succesors also played a pivotal role in revolting against the illiterate practices. Islam has stressed upon the importance of education. infact, the first word revealed was â€Å"iqra† translated as† to read†. Islam has ordained both men and women to acquire education.Holy prophet P. B. U. H said â€Å"acquire education from cradle to grave†. similarly,islam also acknowledges that an illiterate and an educated man can never be equal. During the time of Holy Prophet(P. B. U. H),mosques were the only educational institutions. there are no instances recorded where holy prophet P. B. U. H forbade his wives from attending semon(khutba),the primary tool of education. Apart from this ,there are many examples which illustrate that muslim women accompanied there men to mosques and even inquired questions from Holy prophet in the presence of men.Even today,many liberal muslims acknowledge that morality emanates from heart. Quran, time and again, has emphasized muslims to guard themselves against immorality. it says â€Å"say to the believing men to lower their gaze and to guard their private parts†¦. †. many Islamic scholars acknowledge the fact that islam has not barred both the sexes from acquiring education together as long as morality is not infringed. Coeducation, in Pakistan has always remained a controversial issue. some people want this system to be adopted in all the institutions on the other hand, there is a sizeable portion of population that is opposed to it.Both the schools of thought present argument supporting their stance. proponents of coeducation argue that it is the need of hour and that it has the ability to eliminate the problems of the developing country. nonetheless,the opponents dare to disagree. to them,the system does not confirms to the religious, social and cultural values of the society. Coeducation has the ability to cope with the problems of developing countries. for instance,Pakistan is a developing country. it will be difficult for a developing economy to maintain separate instituitions for both sexes.if coeducation system is introduced in all the schools and colleges of the state, then the cost of separate infrastructure, stationary and recruitment personnel can be saved. A country can develop only by increasing the rate of literacy. unfortunately, for developing countries, there is a dearth of well trained teachers. if both girls and boys are taught together in the same class, at the same time then this issue can also be resolved. In coeducation, b oys and girls get the opportunity to intermingle and to understand each other. by studying together, they will develop mutual respect and understanding.Professor simon said â€Å" the only reason to support coeducation is that without it, boys and girls will not be knowing about each other for many years†. In a coeducational instite, boys and girls interact with each other freely. they become broadminded and overcome their shyness. There is no hard and fast rule that if girls will always intereact with girls and boys with boys when they grow up . therefore coeducation will boost their confidence level, which will be beneficial in their future life. such individuals will be more comfortable interacting with opposite sex be it at professional or personal level.Coeducation will provide both sexes an opportunity to learn to cooperate with each other. they will be working together in assignments and projects which will help them to understand the way opposite sex works. this will help them in their respective role taking when they enter practical lives. this cooperation will create a feeling a comradeship in both the sexes. Proponents of coeducation argue that such an educational system will be useful for their personality development. in a coeducation,boys will be free to intereact with girls.Doing so, will help them to understand opposite sexing a better way and allow them to develop a healthy personality.. they will,then not indulge in eve teasing. the students of today will be the citizens of tomorrow. it is the demand of today,to allow individuals to grow in a free atmosphere. In addition, coeducation will allow both the sexes to treat each other on equal terms. girls will become more confident and responsive and the boys will develop more tolerance. the relationship between them will be based on equality,respect and humanity. this will help them to overcome the centuries old system of male dominance.Researchers argue that coeducation has proved to be a better educational system as in such colleges,the results of exams are far better than in sex segregated schools. in coeducation, boys and girls compete with each other and try to remain ahead of the other one. this results in better academic results. A research conducted concluded that presence of girls in class prevents boys from indulging in unruly behavior. it also helps in fostering stronger bondage between teachers and students. generally, in coeducational classes, the number of violent outbursts are fewer. Presence of more than 55% girls in class room has shown better exam results.Particularly, at primary level,coeducation has shown exceptional results. Boys and girls in presence of each other become more conscious of their habits, style and appearance. they abstain from exhibiting immoral behaviour. they try their best to please the opposite sex by showing best behaviour. these habits become a part of the personality. Women of today are entering every profession in large nu mber. they are heading big organizations. They face similar challenges as boys while finding jobs or in professional life. therefore,it is imperative that they should be given education on similar grounds as boys.Although,it is a fact that both boys and girls have different ways of learning,but still it is observed that their joint education has a positive influence overall. Infact, the supporters of coeducation speak of its benefits as if it’s the only road to heaven. Every coin has two sides. An impartial eye should focus on both the silvery sides rather than adopting a biased attitude. The opponents of coeducation believe that in coeducation, boys and girls are exposed to each other. the temptation of flirting appears more attractive than the urge to open books.It also destroys the relationship between teacher and student as temptation cannot differentiate between teacher or student. People against coeducation state that it is not the panacea to the problems of developing countries,in reality it will sprout more problems. Anyone who has attended even a few schools and colleges in Pakistan knows the fact that they are frightfully overcrowded. even girls only institutes present a similar picture. therefore, new institutions are needed and if a few are reserved for girls and boys separately,it will not be an additional burden on the economy.Perhaps, the greatest harm that coeducation can cause is to lead to moral depravity. in coeducation, boys are girls are free to interact with each other. curiousity plays its role well in this regard. the immoral standards promoted by media fill up the gap created from the germs of curiousity implanted by satan. this coupled with the fact, that the students are deprived of sincere supervision, as the teachers themselves do not present an ideal picture of morality and decency. As a result, they fall victim to sexual impurity. Religious conservatives argue that coeducation will wreak havoc to the Islamic values.As boys and girls will be easily accessible to each other, this will promote development of immoral relations between them. they support their view by stating that during the time of Holy Prophet(P. B. U. H) educational instituitions were mosques where, though coeducation was present,but the chances of going astray were limited. they further emphasise that the present coeducational system are not at conformity with the Islamic approach to coeducational system. Supporters of coeducation believe that this system will promote understanding between both sexes.However, the opponents say that if boys and girls cannot understand each other in family and home then they will not be able to do so in coeducation. why is it that a person thinks he can understand the opposite sex only when he meets his neighbour’s daughter? Further, it is believed that coeducation is a western concept. many people want to adopt coeducation because it is prevalent in west. they think that if west has it then they must have it too. They want to be more western than the west. but,they should bear it in mind that a system should be adopted only if it goes along with cultural,social and religious values of a society.Certainly,our society does not accepts the present coeducational system. Antagonists of coeducation assert that it is an urban concept. boys will grow up to earn while girls will maintain their household. they emphasize that as both sexes will play a different role, there is no logic in teaching them similar curricula in a similar manner. Even teachers of some subjects such as biology hold opinion that it is easier to teach certain chapters more thoroughly in presence of only girls or boys in the class room. They find teaching certain topics embarrassing and difficult in coeducation.Nowadays, sex education is becoming a part of the curricular. this further acts as fuel on fire. Certain educationists believe that students do not remain focused in studies in the presence of opposite s ex. they remain more engaged in paying attention to opposite sex, than on lectures. Therefore,it is feared that coeducation will not raise the standard of education,instead will lower it. In coeducation institutions, boys and girls are more consumed by how they appear to the opposite sex. they spent countless hours contemplating what to wear, how to wear and where to wear.This leads to the loss of precious time which should have been dedicated to studies only. The only solution that springs to mind in view of Islamic injunctions and logic of common sense is that there should be sex segregated institutions. however, if a developing country like Pakistan is not able to do so in current situation then it is the responsibility of government to take measures to ensure that coeducation does not attacks the moral values preached by islam. Firstly, the curricula chosen should be such that does not risks morality.Secondly,government should be careful in choosing faculty. the teachers recruit ed should be an embodiment of decency and morality. meanwhile, the religiou conservatives should adopt an attitude of tolerance. Nonetheless,it is also important that some girl doctors should be educated in coeducation otherwise,our mothers and sisters will have compelled to expose their private parts before male doctors under ailment. but still,it is the responsibility of the government to ensure sex segregated educational instituitions whenever,it can bear the expenses.

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